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在中日友好交往历史长河中，离不开“遣唐使”们的身影。
所谓“遣唐使”指的是日本为了学习中国文化，从公元七世纪初至九世纪末约两个半世纪里，先后向唐朝派出十几次遣唐使团。
中日两国交往最频繁的时候，是在公元630年——894年，这段期间共派出遣唐使19次。
西安遣唐使碑，其中除去三次”送唐客使”和一次”迎入唐使”及两次因故未成行外，正式来华的共有13次。
Between 607 and 838, Japan sent 19 missions to China, hoping to learn about Chinese culture, arts and technologies. These missions had not only promoted the social development of their home country with advanced ideas and skills they learnt, but also greatly enhanced the cultural exchanges between China and Japan.
今天就和丝路君来认识几位海上丝绸路上的遣唐使。
Let's get to know some of these Japanese missions today.
阿倍仲麻吕
阿倍仲麻吕（698—770年），全名阿倍朝臣仲麻吕，亦名朝臣仲满，入唐后改名朝晁衡。
717年，阿倍仲麻吕随第八次遣唐船来中国。到达长安后不久，阿倍仲麻吕入国子监太学。
太学毕业后参加科试，一举考中进士。历任左散骑常侍兼安南都护。
阿倍仲麻吕 Abe no Nakamaro
Abe no Nakamaro ( 698–770), whose Chinese name was Chao Heng, was a Japanese scholar and waka poet of the Nara period. In 717-718, he was part of the Japanese mission to Tang China.
阿倍仲麻吕是日本杰出的遣唐留学生，以其非凡学识和高尚品德赢得中国朝野的器重和信任，是中日两国友好和文化交流杰出的使者。
In China, he passed the civil service examination. Around 725, he took an administrative position and was promoted in Luoyang in 728 and 731.
遣唐使路线 Routes of the Japanese missions
阿倍仲麻吕仕在唐期间，实际上起了民间大使的作用，他为增进中日友好、提高日该国际地位，促进中日文化交流而辛勤献身，建立了不朽的功勋。
In 734 he tried to return to Japan but the ship coming for him sank not long into the journey, forcing him to stay in China for several more years.
In 752, he tried again to return, with the mission to China led by Fujiwara no Kiyokawa, but the ship he boarded was wrecked and ran aground off the coast of Vietnam. He somehow managed to return to Chang'an in 755.
仲麻吕虽然没能回国直接向日本人民传授中国文化，但是由于他在唐的地位和影响，为其他许多日本留学生的学习以及两国学者的往来提供了方便，例如鉴真和尚的第六次成功东渡就是和仲麻吕的努力分不开的。
When the An Lushan Rebellion started later that year, it was unsafe to return to Japan and Nakamaro sadly set aside his plan of returning to his homeland.
He took several government offices and rose to the position of Governor-General of Annam between 761 and 767, residing in Hanoi.
He then returned to Chang'an and was planning his return to Japan when he died in 770. He was a close friend of the Chinese poets Li Bai and Wang Wei, Zhao Hua, Bao Xin, and Chu Guangxi.
吉备真备
吉备真备，原名下道真备，生于695年，卒于775年。716年，下道真备被选为遣唐交流生。
Kibi no Asomi Makibi (695–775) was a Japanese scholar and noble during the Nara period. In 717-718, Kibi was part of the Japanese mission to Tang China with Abe no Nakamaro.
吉备真备 Kibi no Asomi Makibi
717年，与阿倍仲麻吕(晁衡)、大和长冈及学问僧玄昉等随多治比县守为首的第九次遣唐使团，入大唐朝拜、交流。
In 751, he received an appointment as vice-ambassador and traveled to China the following year.
在长安鸿胪寺，下道真备就学于四门助教赵玄默。
在大唐近19年，下道真备研究唐代的天文、历法、音乐、法律、兵法、建筑等知识，均有较深造诣。
751年，吉备真备被选为遣唐副使。
752年(天平胜宝4年)吉备真备以遣唐副使身份随藤原清河大使第二次朝拜大唐，与阿倍仲麻吕再会。
A picture depicts the life of Kibi no Asomi Makibi in China
使团抵长安后，唐玄宗曾接见吉备真备，并赠他银青光禄大夫称号，离大唐时唐玄宗赠诗相送。
使团于753年(天平胜宝5年)至扬州拜访著名高僧鉴真，对其日后东渡有所影响。
Kibi stayed in China for 19 years before returning to Japan in 753. He is credited with bringing back a number of things and introducing to Japan the art of embroidery, calendar, music, laws etc.
吉备真备带回的《唐礼》对日本朝廷礼仪的完善和改进有很大影响，《太衍历经》、《太衍厉立成》促进了日本的历法改革，使唐代历法得以在日本推广和使用。
Kibi no Makibi in a book illustration by Kikuchi Yōsai
Kibi also met with Jianzhen, or Ganjin in Japanese, a Chinese monk in Tang dynasty who not only spread Buddhism in Japan, but also greatly promoted the Japanese cultural development.
吉备真备带回的乐器和乐书对于唐乐在日本的传播起到积极作用。
中国早已失传的《乐书要录》现仍在日本保存，成为研究唐代音乐的重要资料。
空海
空海(774-835)，俗名佐伯真鱼，灌顶名号遍照金刚，谥号弘法大师，日本佛教僧侣，日本佛教真言宗创始人。
Kukai (774–835), also known posthumously as the Grand Master Who Propagated the Buddhist Teaching, was a Japanese Buddhist monk, civil servant, scholar, poet, and artist who founded the Shingon or "True Word" school of Buddhism.
于公元804年到达中国，并在长安学习密教。
806年回国，创立佛教真言宗。著有《文镜秘府论》、《篆隶万象名义》等书，保存了不少中国文学和语言学资料。
In 804, Kukai took part in a government-sponsored expedition to China in order to learn more about the Mahavairocana Tantra and came back to Japan in 806 as the eighth Patriarch of Esoteric Buddhism.
During his stay in China, he had learnt Sanskrit and its Siddhaṃ script, Indian Buddhism, as well as the arts of Chinese calligraphy and poetry.
空海入唐图
由他编纂的《篆隶万像名义》，是日本第一部汉文辞典，对唐朝文化在日本的传播起到了重要的作用。
He also brought back with him a large number of texts, many of which were new to Japan and were esoteric in character, as well as several texts on the Sanskrit language and the Siddhaṃ script.
其另一部重要著作《文镜秘府论》，不仅促进了日本对唐朝文化的理解和吸收，而且是了解汉唐中国文学史的重要资料。
Kukai wrote many books which not only promoted the spread of Chinese culture in Japan, but also provides important materials for the study of Chinese literature in Tang dynasty.
圆仁
圆仁，日本天台宗僧人，延历寺第三世座主。838年入唐求法，值唐武宗灭佛，携佛教典籍559卷归国。
Ennin ( 793–864 ), who is better known in Japan by his posthumous name, Jikaku Daishi, was a priest of the Tendai school of Buddhism in Japan, and its third Zasu (Head of the Tendai Order).
圆仁法师雕像 A statue of Ennin
Between 836 and 840, Ennin went to China along with Japanese envoys. Initially, he studied under two masters and then spent some time at Wutaishan, a mountain famous for its numerous Buddhist temples in Shanxi Province in China.
圆仁留唐近十年，他广泛寻师求法，曾到五台山巡礼，足迹遍及今江苏、安徽、山东、河北、山西、陕西、河南诸省，并留居长安近五年。
他用汉文写的日记《入唐求法巡礼行记》，是研究唐代历史的宝贵资料。
Later he went to Chang'an, then the capital of China, where he was ordained into both mandala rituals.
圆仁法师雕像 A statue of Ennin
He also wrote about his travels in Chinese language in the book Ennin's Diary: The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law, which is a key source of information on life in Tang dynasty and Silla Korea.
Ennin's Diary: The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law
圆仁的记述涉及唐王朝皇室、宦官和士大夫之间的政治矛盾，他与李德裕、仇士良的会见，社会生活各方面如节日、祭祀、饮食、禁忌等习俗，所经过的地方的人口、出产、物价，水陆交通的路线和驿馆，新罗商人在沿海的活动和新罗人聚居的情况等等。
Ennin was also instrumental in expanding the Tendai Order's influence, and bringing back crucial training and resources from China, particularly esoteric Buddhist training, and Pure Land teachings.
Source: WeChat（丝路云帆）